
Many, many materials have been used to make sandpaper. As discussed before, ground glass was one of the early commercial grits. This is why the English still refer to abrasive sheets as “Glasspaper”.
Today, there are a number of standard materials used to make sandpaper. Aluminum Oxide is perhaps the most common, and likely what you will find at hardware stores and home centers. It is commonly used for sanding wood and metal. Garnet can also be found although it is not as common. It is traditionally preferred for woodworking and you may hear older woodworkers refering to “garnet paper”.
Silicone Carbide is pretty common as well. You’ll recognize it as the black “wet/dry” sandpaper, with a plastic sheet backer. Very fine grades of sandpaper may use chromium oxide, usually in 600 grit or finer.
The sheets shown above are Aluminum Oxide; (tan) Garnet; (red) and Silicone Carbide. (black)
In the next blog, we will discuss grit grades, and how to choose the right grits for your needs.